Scientists have found small magnetic waves in Earth’s core, which could provide insights into the inner workings of our planet. Earth’s core consists of a solid inner layer and a liquid metal outer layer. The temperature difference between the hot center and the cooler exterior drives convection currents in the liquid, and the movement of charged particles in the metal generates Earth’s magnetic field.
These magnetic waves were observed by Nicolas Gillet and his colleagues from Grenoble Alpes University, who analyzed Earth’s geomagnetic field data from satellites and observatories between 1999 and 2021. The team discovered that the magnetic field around the equatorial region of the core exhibits regular fluctuations. These fluctuations occur every seven years and move westward around the equator at speeds of approximately 1500 kilometers per year.
Although these fluctuations are relatively small, studying them can enhance our understanding of Earth’s inner workings. There has been debate about the existence of a thin rock layer between the outer core and the mantle, which could explain changes in the magnetic field. However, Gillet’s findings suggest that such a layer may not be necessary.
The team also believes that it is possible to image the geomagnetic field deep within the core using these newly discovered waves. Additionally, these waves could potentially be used to predict the future evolution of Earth’s magnetic field.
Gillet states, “It’s fascinating that by recording the magnetic field of the Earth using satellites, we’re able to image what’s going on more than 3000 meters below our feet.”
This study represents an exciting advancement in understanding Earth’s magnetic field on short timescales. Further research with longer time series and continuous observations from space will be crucial to validate this new model and fully utilize its potential for exploring the depths of our planet.
