Twenty years in the past, deep beneath Botswana’s Kalahari desert, Thomas Gernon discovered himself strolling in what appeared like hell. The temperature soared because the sound of explosions echoed off the partitions. “It was like a baptism of fireplace,” he says. It was his first journey right into a kimberlite diamond mine.

The place teemed with cameras and Gernon, now on the College of Southampton within the UK, had been warned of bother ought to any gem stones be discovered – by chance or in any other case – on his particular person. However he wasn’t right here to seek out his fortune. He wished a solution to one in every of Earth’s biggest mysteries.

Diamonds are treasured to many, however they maintain a particular place within the hearts of geologists. They had been cast way back within the fiery depths of Earth’s inaccessible mantle, delivered to the floor by using on supersonic jets of magma from weird volcanoes known as kimberlites.

We don’t know a lot about exactly how diamonds shaped, however we do know they’re like time capsules that may train us the secrets and techniques of our planet’s distant previous. And maybe the largest query of all is why the kimberlites that propelled them to the floor appear to have gone extinct tens of millions of years in the past.

Now, virtually 20 years since that first go to to a diamond mine, Gernon and his fellow kimberlite detectives might lastly have an all-encompassing mannequin for the way the volcanoes work, and with it a greater understanding of their treasures. What’s extra, this work has uncovered a tantalising prospect – that kimberlites won’t be extinct in spite of everything.

Diamonds, opposite…